Winter Beekeeping Tips

Do’s and Don’ts for December in Wisconsin and the Midwest

December in Wisconsin and the broader Midwest can be a challenging time for new beekeepers, as the frigid temperatures and snow present unique obstacles. Here’s a guide to help you keep your bees healthy during this crucial winter month.

Do’s:

1. Monitor Food Stores: Even though bees are less active in the winter, they still consume stored honey and pollen. Regularly check the weight of your hives by gently lifting the back end to estimate food stores. If a hive feels light, you may need to provide emergency feeding with fondant or sugar syrup placed directly above the cluster to prevent starvation.

2. Provide Ventilation: Moisture inside the hive can be more deadly than the cold itself. Ensure that your hive has adequate upper ventilation to allow damp air to escape without creating drafts. This can be done by slightly propping up the hive’s outer cover or using moisture boards.

3. Keep Hives Snow-Free: Clear snow away from the hive entrances to prevent blockages that could trap bees inside. Also, make sure the hive's lower entrances are clear to maintain airflow.

4. Check for Predators and Pests: Rodents are a common problem in the winter as they seek shelter. Make sure your hive stands are intact, and use mouse guards to prevent mice and rats from entering the hives.

   
   

Don’ts:

1. Avoid Frequent Inspections: Unlike during active bee seasons, you should minimize hive inspections during the winter. Opening the hive can cause significant heat loss and stress the bees. If you must open the hive, choose a mild day and work quickly.

2. Don’t Seal the Hive Completely: While it's tempting to try and seal up the hive to keep the heat in, bees need proper ventilation to control moisture levels. Completely sealing the hive can lead to mold growth and unhealthy bees.

3. Don’t Ignore the Weather: Always be aware of the weather conditions. Sudden changes in temperature can affect the hive, especially if it leads to melting and refreezing, which can ice over the hive entrances.

4. Don’t Forget About Water: Bees still need water in the winter. If there’s a warm spell, make sure there’s a water source nearby, such as a small container with marbles or pebbles that the bees can land on without drowning.

   
   

By following these do’s and don’ts, you can help ensure your bees stay healthy and are in good shape to resume their activities in the spring. Remember, winter management is less about interference and more about proper preparation. Keep these tips in mind, and your first winter as a beekeeper in the Midwest should be a successful one.